@article {5229,
	title = {A multiproxy environmental investigation of Holocene wood from a submerged conifer forest in Lake Huron, USA},
	journal = {Quaternary Research},
	volume = {66},
	year = {2006},
	month = {07/2006},
	pages = {67{\textendash}77},
	chapter = {67},
	abstract = {<p>Remains of a Holocene drowned forest in southern Lake Huron discovered in 12.5\&nbsp;m of water (164\&nbsp;m above sea level), 4.5\&nbsp;km east of Lexington, Michigan USA (Sanilac site), provided wood to investigate environment and lake history using several proxies. Macrofossil evidence indicates a forest comprised primarily of conifers equivalent to the modern {\textquotedblleft}rich conifer swamp{\textquotedblright} community, despite generally low regional abundance of these species in pollen records. Ages range from 7095 {\textpm} 50 to 6420 {\textpm} 70 <sup>14</sup>C yr BP, but the clustering of stump dates and the development of 2 floating tree-ring chronologies suggest a briefer forest interval of no more than c. 400 years. Dendrochronological analysis indicates an environment with high inter-annual climate variability. Stable-carbon isotope composition falls within the range of modern trees from this region, but the stable-oxygen composition is consistent with warmer conditions than today. Both our tree-ring and isotope data provide support for a warmer environment in this region, consistent with a mid-Holocene thermal maximum. This drowned forest also provides a dated elevation in the Nipissing transgression at about 6420 <sup>14</sup>C yr BP (7350 cal yr BP) in the southern Lake Huron basin, a few hundred years before reopening of the St. Clair River drainage.</p>
},
	doi = {10.1016/j.yqres.2006.03.008},
	author = {Hunter, R. Douglas and Panyushkina, Irina P. and Leavitt, Steven W. and Wiedenhoeft, Alex C. and Zawiskie, John}
}
