Older Dryas

Samples from Outagamie County, WI, provided by Prof. Bill Mode of UW-Oshkosh.

• Older Dryas spruce forest

A couple of samples of spruce from Neenah Quarry  in Winnerbago Co., WI were provided by Dr. William Mode of UW-Oshkosh. Crossdated tree-ring series of this site contributed to a 510-year composite tree-ring record of the Green Bay area overlapping tree rings from five locations dated to the Older Dryas (see plot below).

• Two Creekan-age forest 

The site collection includes buried wood from New Denmark, WI, which were provided to us from the UW-Green Bay Geosciences collection in May 2004. Crossdated tree-ring series of this site contributed to a 683-year composite record of spruce in NE Wisconsin associated with Two Creekan ice sheet re-advance dated between 14,000 and 13,300 cal y BP. 

• Post Two Creekan lowland forest in the Green Bay area

• Lake Oshkosh shoreline transition

• Two Creekan forest bed in central Michigan 

Samples collected in 1999 from a location about 1 km north of Moline, Allegan Co., MI, by Dr. Alan Kehew. They were taken from a pile of soil saved from an excavation about 8 m deep. The pile of sediment consisted of mainly gray silt containing many wood fragments and some intact spruce cones. Earlier radiocarbon dating gave ages of 12,540 ± 60 and 12,620 ±70 years.

• Early Two Creekan forest

Several samples of spruce from the Jorgensen Farm in Waushara Co., WI were collected with help of Dr. William Mode at UW-Oshkosh. Crossdated tree-ring series of this site contributed to a 510-year composite tree-ring record of Green Bay area overlapping tree rings from five locations dated to the Older Dryas (see plot below).

• Older Dryas spruce forest 

A good size collecction of samples was obtained from the UW-Green Bay Geoscience Dept. collection in May 2004. They had been discovered during the excavation for the heating tunnel on the campus.Tree-ring analysis reveals that there were spruce logs deposited in lacustrine sediments ca. 13,100 yrs cal BP. 

• Older Dryas spruce forest

These are samples from the collection that Hugh Ilits made in 1958 from an excavation along Nicolet Road in Green Bay, WI. The wood had been stored at the University of Wisconsin-Madison. 

Crossdated tree-ring series of this site contributed to a 510-year composite tree-ring record of the Green Bay area overlapping tree rings from five locations dated to the Older Dryas (see plot below).

Pond excavation at the town of Brussels in Door Co., WI. Subsamples were provided to us from the UW-Green Bay Dept. of Geosciences collection.

This sample from Calumet County, Wisconsin, had been donated to the University of Wisconsin-Green Bay by Jordan Korotev, a Wisconsin District Forester. The wood had been identified as spruce by R. C. Koeppen of the USDA Forest Products Lab on March 3, 1969. The wood was kept in a small display case and loaned to our project in early summer 2004 by Prof. Ron Stieglitz and returned to UW-Green Bay in July 2005. The specimen has more than 270 rings and was radiocarbon dated at 11,543 ± 72 yrs BP.